armenian patriarch of jerusalem{ keyword }

But Armenians have been here since the 4th Century, when their country was the first to adopt Christianity as a national religion. [19][27], In the First Council of Dvin (506), the Armenian Church broke off from Chalcedonian Christianity by rejecting the dual nature of Christ, which was agreed upon in the Council of Chalcedon of 451. [7], Armenians began emigrating from Jerusalem's Old City in the mid-20th century,[51] being in the middle of the conflict between Arabs and Jews,[50][51] mainly since the 1948 ArabIsraeli War, and what Daphne Tsimhoni characterized as "their feeling of loneliness. Armenian Church in Holy Land celebrates latest - The Jerusalem Post The Armenian community has been in decline since the mid-20th century, and is in immediate danger of disappearing, according to Bert Vaux. Many Armenians had hoped the site could be used to build affordable housing for young couples from their tiny, shrinking community. The Armenian Patriarchate (the Armenian Quarter) and Saint Jacobs In Jerusalem's Armenian Quarter, a controversial land deal pits a As the Armenian diaspora spread throughout Europe and America, wealthy Armenians donated generously for the prosperity and continuity of the Patriarchate. Around two-thirds of lay persons reside within the monastery walls. [34], In the 19th century, most of the Armenian and Christian quarters had "European-style gable roofs" as opposed to the domes preferred in the Muslim and Jewish quarters. The Patriarch's title is "His Beatitude". Patriarch Harutyun Vehabedian had died in 1910, and in 1916 the Turkish authorities declared the ousted Catholicos Sahag II Khabayan of Cilicia "Patriarch-Catholicos" to reside in Jerusalem as an exiled pontiff, thus eliminating both, Sis his headquarters, as well as Patriarch Zaven Der Yeghiayan and the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople. Within the compound of the Patriarchate, also lie the private residences of 2,000-3,000 Armenian families. "[51] The Economist also wrote in 2000 that Armenians have faced restrictions on their lives similar to those imposed on the Palestinians, such as prevention of construction of new buildings in the Armenian Quarter. Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem ( Armenian Apostolic Church ) List of Armenian patriarchs of Jerusalem Bishop, Diocese, Archbishop, Archdiocese, Exarch, or Exarchate of Jerusalem may refer to the above-listed patriarchates or to: Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchal Dependent Territory of Jerusalem ( Melkite Greek Catholic Church) Israel captured east Jerusalem including the Old City from Jordan after the war in 1967. In the Armenian Quarter only one sector is actually occupied by the Armenian compound. The Patriarch, along with a synod of seven clergymen elected by the St. James Brotherhood, oversees the Patriarchate's operations. In 1311, during Mamluk rule, Archbishop Sarkis (12811313) assumed the title of patriarch according to a decree by Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad. [50] The limited space in the overpopulated district makes housing expensive and according to Boyadjian, "Most Armenians, given their current income, simply cannot afford to maintain their primary residence there. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Lions 6. Significantly Bishop Eghiazar assumed the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem and in 1644 declared himself for a short period of time as catholicos (leader) of all the Armenian church. [18] The Byzantines ceded Jerusalem to the Rashidun Caliphate after a siege in 637. Video, Armageddon: The 3,000-year-old city behind the biblical story, rise in attacks by extremist Jews targeting Christians in Jerusalem, BBC star 'accused of paying teen for explicit photos', Dutch government collapses over asylum row, Latvia swears in EU's first openly gay president, Biden defends sending cluster bombs to Ukraine, No charges for security who blocked Britney Spears. They have a share in the Old City's holiest Christian sites and their own quarter tucked away in its south-western corner, home to some 2,000 Armenians. Located in the southwestern corner of the Old City, it can be accessed through the Zion Gate and Jaffa Gate. Relations have been strained between the residents and clergy members, who act here as the religious and civil authority. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [35] In 1833 the Armenians established the city's first printing press. [107], At the 2000 Camp David Summit, U.S. President Bill Clinton proposed the division of the Old City, according to which the Armenian Quarter would be put under de jure Israeli sovereignty along with the Jewish Quarter, while the Palestinians would be granted a "certain degree of sovereignty" over the Christian and Muslim Quarters. Their quarter is the smallest of the four neighborhoods in Jerusalem's Old City and sits next to the Jewish and the Christian Quarters. Israeli historians Kark and Oren-Nordheim wrote in 2001: "The Armenian Quarter, although Christian, represented a distinct ethnic group with its particular language and culture, intent on retaining separate identity and unity, minimizing the contacts with Arabs and the Ottoman authorities for fear of persecution. Patriarchate of Jerusalem Palestinians seek to establish their own capital in east Jerusalem in any future state. Patriarchate of Jerusalem (Armenian) - OrthodoxWiki In the 1380s Patriarch Krikor IV built a priests' dining room across from the St. James Cathedral. The Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem is the home of the Brotherhood of St. James, a monastic order of the Armenian Apostolic Church with about 60 members worldwide. The Armenian Quarter is located next to the Jewish one, which makes it especially desirable. By the 1920s, most of the Armenian quarter had European-style gable roofs, as opposed to the domes preferred in the Muslim quarter. [108] Commenting on his statements, historians Barry Rubin and Judith Colp Rubin wrote that "there was no reason to believe that the Armenians preferred his control [over Israeli control]. According tomedia reports, hehas denied any wrongdoing, instead blaming a local priestwho headed the real estate department for deceiving him. The survival of the community is today in peril. Manougian graduated in 1985. The Armenian churches with full jurisdiction are: Gates1. [51] Members of Jerusalem's Armenian community have voiced concerns about the Israeli government's policies and commitment to preserving their community's presence in the Old City. In 1974, Manougian returned to the Middle East and served as the pastor to the Armenian communities of Jaffa and Haifa in Israel. In Jerusalem's contested Old City, shrinking Armenian community fears Krikorian had stated that his book was the summary and English translation of "History of Jerusalem," a two-volume, 1385-page book by Dikran Sayalanians, published by the Armenian Patriarchate . [9] Many fear this could affect the viability of living in the quarter in the long-term. The Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem recognizes the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin as having pre-eminent supremacy in all spiritual matters. Over the ensuing centuries Armenian monks and pilgrims built several monasteries, with as many as seventy institutions mentioned by a seventh century Armenian writer. "[62] Armenia's Foreign Minister Ararat Mirzoyan discussed the issue with his counterparts from Jordan (Ayman Safadi),[63] Palestine (Riyad al-Maliki),[64] and Israel (Yair Lapid). Visit the Old City monastery that holds Jerusalem's 1,700-year-old Elected the 97th Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem in January, Manougian is now one of the top Armenian Christian leaders worldwide, in a community scattered over the globe. A hundred years after taking in scores of children whose parents were killed in the Armenian genocide, a 19th-century orphanage in Jerusalem's Armenian Quarter has reopened its doors as a museum documenting the community's rich, if pained, history. Though formally separate from Greek Orthodox and Latin (Catholic) Christians, the Armenians consider their quarter to be part of the Christian Quarter. [46], In 1947, around 1,500 Armenians from Palestine repatriated to Soviet Armenia as part of the Soviet government's efforts to boost Armenia's population by a large-scale repatriation of ethnic Armenians, mostly from the Middle East. Monks, nuns and priests wholive in the Old City frequently report being spat at or harassed, and churches and cemeteries have been vandalized. "[69] On the contrary, American linguist Bert Vaux argued in 2002 that the Armenian community of Jerusalem is "in immediate danger of disappearingthe wealthy move into other parts of Jerusalem, and the closed environment in the Armenian Quarter spurs many to move to Beirut or the West. "The Armenian patriarchate of Jerusalem has to take care of these lands to keep them to preserve them, to protect them. Emperor Justinian I persecuted whom he considered to be Monophysite Armenians, forcing them to leave Jerusalem. It is also noted that non-Armenians found comfort in the protection of the walled Armenian compound. Manougian was elected as Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem on 24 January 2013. The land includes a large car parking area - one of the few areas of open land inside the Old City walls - which his company has already taken over. In 638, the Armenian Apostolic Church began appointing its own bishop in Jerusalem, generally known as the Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem. CNN last Saturday published an article (In Jerusalem's Armenian Quarter, a . The office has continued, with some interruptions, down to this day. A 1992 article published by the Catholic Near East Welfare Association stated that "Armenians in Jerusalem try to maintain good relations with Arabs and Israelis, but they do not deny that their community has been affected by tensions in the city. , "Archbishop Nourhan Manougian Elected Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nourhan_Manougian&oldid=1139987158, 21st-century Oriental Orthodox archbishops, Articles containing Armenian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, 24 January 2013 and enthroned on 4 June 2013, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 21:45. BBC News, Jerusalem. That priest was defrocked and later there were heated scenes as he was banished from the Armenian Quarter, escorted away under Israeli police protection as residents yelled out "traitor". Until this point, Jerusalem had a single Christian bishop. Confrontation, celebration and confetti: Photos of the week, Oscar-winning Banshees pub opens for real, Gods, goatskins and drums: Morocco's mystical musicians, Armageddon: The 3,000-year-old city behind the biblical story. Prophet Muhammad's rarely-known decree to the Armenian Patriarch of "[70] Armenian author Matthew Karanian wrote about the Armenian community of Jerusalem in 2010 as follows:[54], Haytayan identifies three groups of Armenians living within the Armenian Quarter The first group includes monks and clergymen (around 50),[71] who live within the monastery. From as early as the fourth century we have records about Armenian monks in the Holy Land. [51] Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak conditionally embraced the proposal. In the 17th century, the Armenians were allowed after much pleading to enlarge the St. James Monastery. New (Double, Single, Tanners')Al-Mawazin, .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}314628N 351343E / 31.7744N 35.2287E / 31.7744; 35.2287. The Armenian Patriarchate was established in Jerusalem almost 2,000 . In 626 AD, the Armenian Patriarch Apraham of Jerusalem, seeing the looming dangers of Islamic expansion and conquest, went to the Holy Islamic city of Mecca with a delegation of 40 prominent . These lands belong to the Armenian nation. Baret Yeretzian defrocked. Tarkmanchatz Armenian School of Jerusalem", Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria, Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad, Assyrian Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, Ancient Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, Co-Cathedral of the Most Holy Name of Jesus, Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem&oldid=1128907871, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Armenian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, The Edward and Helen Mardigian Museum of Armenian Art and Culture, housing historical and religious artifacts including precious rugs, Armenian coins and evidence of the presence at the site of the Tenth Legion of Rome. The Armenian community of Jerusalem has publis." 301 on Instagram: "UPDATE from the Jerusalemite Armenian Community. [34] According to the chronicler Simeon Lehatsi only some twelve Armenian families lived in Jerusalem in 161516. "city-dwellers"). 2023 BBC. Read about our approach to external linking. Armenian mosaics with Armenian inscriptions from the fifth and sixth centuries indicate a very early Armenian presence in the city. [19] The significant increase in the population in 1690 is attributed to urbanization experienced by the Armenians and other Christians. Patriarchate of Constantinople, www.armenianchurch.us "The look of the city, its character is changing very much," says Arda, who lives in the Old City and complains that religious nationalists already feel emboldened by the drift of Israeli politics. Wearing peaked black headdresses and long robes, a procession of Armenian priests is led along the stone streets of Jerusalem's Old City by two suited men in felt tarboosh . He is from one of the families that brought the colourful tradition of Armenian pottery to Jerusalem a century ago, when they fled from what is widely seen as a genocide by the Turks. [59][60] The Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, the leading body of the Armenian Church, said the situation had disrupted the "internal solidarity and unity" within the Patriarchate and "reduce[d its] reputation." The Museum offers a comprehensive overview of 3,000 years of Armenian art, culture and history. This property inside the Old City, in the neighboring Christian Quarter, was signed away about 20 years ago in an alleged deal with a foreign firm acting as a front for an extremist Israeli settler organization, which wants to see a Jewish majority established in the Old City. Patriarch Pizzaballa reacts to ongoing violence in Jenin refugee camp Djernazian is talking about a shady real estate deal that has shaken many in this tight-knit community to the core and reverberated well beyond the walls of the Old City in Israeli-annexed east Jerusalem. But now the community here feels under threat because of a murky real estate deal by its own Church leaders. "[52] The location of the Armenian Quarter athwart the main access roads between the Israeli-controlled West Jerusalem and the holy sites within the Jewish Quarter and the Western Wall has made Armenian properties a prime real estate in Israeli eyes. Armenian Jerusalem "[108], In a 2011 meeting with the leaders of various Christian communities in Ramallah Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas stated: "The Palestinian leadership sticks to its position that considers the Armenian Quarter an integral part of east Jerusalem, the capital of the independent Palestinian state. Armenian Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem and Amman The Armenian quarter in this period kept creating "facts on the ground" by the constant small expansions and consolidations. Meanwhile, in the walled courtyards of St James Convent - which has been home to many Armenian families since the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and has its own clubs, school, library and even a football pitch - the talk nowadays is about little else. Israel captured East Jerusalem - including the Old City - from Jordan in the 1967 Middle East War and went on to occupy and annex it in a move that is not recognised internationally. In 1866, the Armenians had inaugurated the first photographic studio and their first newspaper in Jerusalem. It's right next to the land that has been allegedlyleased. Armenian Patriarch Nourhan Manougian now lives cloistered in the convent Israel captured East Jerusalem - including the Old City - from Jordan in the 1967 Middle East War and went on to. At the same time the Armenian Patriarch Hovhannes VII purchased a large parcel of land south of the St. James Cathedral, called Cham Tagh. When the Arabs seized Jerusalem in 637, the Armenians took the opportunity to set up their own bishop, a cleric named Abraham, to head he followers of the Armenian faith. "We know that these are temporary solutions," the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem warns. However, the Armenian patriarchate is the de facto administrator of the quarter and acts as a "mini-welfare state" for the Armenian residents. After the end of the Crusader period, the Armenian Patriarchs sought to establish good relations with the Muslim rulers. "[50] According to Graham Usher, many Armenians cautiously identify with the Palestinian struggle, but few of them "would advocate exclusive Palestinian sovereignty over the Old City. Is Europe's used clothing a boon or burden for Africa? The Armenian Patriarchate Of Jerusalem - St. John Armenian Church 07/02/2023. In January, some restaurantsin the Christian Quarter were attackedby far-right Israeli extremists. www.armenianprelacy.org But the controversy extends far more widely. [26], A 7th-century Armenian chronicler mentioned the existence of seventy Armenian monasteries in the Holy land, some of which have been revealed in excavations. Autonomous Armenian Oriental Orthodox Church in Jerusalem, Traditional ecclesiastical jurisdictions of, , S. N. Manoogian, The Calouste Gulbenkian Library, Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem, 1925-1990 an Historical Portrait of a Monastic and Lay Community Intellectual Resource Center, Doctoral Dissertation University of California 2013, Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, Ethiopian Orthodox Patriarchate of Ethiopia, Eritrean Orthodox Patriarchate of Eritrea, "Sts. "Cells will continually resurface, and until the structural . Patriarchate of Jerusalem - Wikipedia The Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem is the home of the Brotherhood of St. James, a monastic order of the Armenian Apostolic Church with about 60 members worldwide. The Armenian community was further reduced after the 1967 Six-Day War and occupation, with many emigrating to Jordan and some to Europe and the United States, leaving around 2,000-3,000 in Jerusalem and the West Bank. He went to the Jarankavoratz Theological Seminary of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem in 1966. Armenian Jerusalem "[57] As of mid-2019 a memorial to the Armenian genocide on church property remained closed to visitors "because the municipality [had] delayed approving construction of the entrance. Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem - Wikipedia This remains in the Patriarch's possession to this day. [106], Aram I, the head of the Holy See of Cilicia, one of the sees of the Armenian Apostolic Church (based in Lebanon), stated in a 2017 meeting with Lebanese President Michel Aoun that Jerusalem should be an "open city for the three monotheistic religions: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim, and that the religious rights of these peoples should be protected within Jerusalem." As the Orthodox Easter celebrations took place in April, panic was spreading among Armenians. He was ordained a deacon in 1968 and in 1971 ordained as celibate priest by Patriarch Yeghishe Derderian.[2]. [50][51] The Armenian community is concerned that the Jewish Quarter "will expand as the number of Jews in the Old City continues to grow while the Armenian population withers. Any major change in the social fabric of the Old City, and every plot of land, has political impact. But political and economic instability in the region have reduced the Armenian population. TheirPatriarchateenjoysasemi-diplomaticstatus. Reverend Father Arbak Sarukhanyan of the Armenian Apostolic Church holds the Holy Fire aloft as he emerges from the Edicule, the small structure inside the Church of the Holy Sepulchre that. [26] A secular community composed of merchants and artisans was established in the 6th century in the Zion Quarter, where an Armenian street existed (Ruda Armeniorum). Around 1415 the olive grove on the Mount of Olives, the Garden of Gethsemane, was purchased. In 626 AD, the Armenian Patriarch Apraham of Jerusalem, seeing the looming dangers of Islamic expansion and conquest, went to the Holy Islamic city of Mecca with a delegation of 40 prominent Armenians to meet with Prophet Muhammad to secure his protection. The lease was reportedly signed by the Armenian patriarch, Nourhan Manougian, the head of the Armenian Christian community in Jerusalem. He is the 97th in the succession of Armenian Patriarchs of Jerusalem, succeeding Patriarch Torkom Manoogian, who served for 22 years (19902012). During World War I, survivors of the Armenian genocide received shelter in the Armenian convent in Jerusalem. This affects his ability to attend ceremonies and sign off on official church business. Prophet Muhammad's Rarely-Known Decree To the Armenian Patriarch of The third day of tit-for-tat attacks in the occupied West Bank has led to the death of at least one Palestinian. Here, two landmark hotels, run by Palestinians, were secretly sold to foreign firms acting as fronts for a radical Jewish settler group. Quietly, apart from the tapping of the sticks, they file into the Church of the Holy Sepulchre for prayers. Jerusalem Patriarchate in call for end of attack on Jenin "[25], During the Jordanian rule of the eastern Jerusalem (194867), no Jews were allowed to live in the Old City. Today, this small quarter has the seat of the Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem, an Armenian museum, library, and of course the beautiful Cathedral of St. James, where Kanye West and Kim Kardashian . ", The traditional date is 301 AD. Abraham was a contemporary of the Arab Caliph, Omar ibnul Khattab, who conquered Jerusalem, and held office from 638 to 669 CE. [13] The table below shows the evolution of both the Armenian Quarter and the Jewish Quarter, from 1495 up until the modern system:[14], In the early 4th century[c] Armenia, under king Tiridates III, became the first country to adopt Christianity as a state religion. They live outside the monastery walls, and attend the, katagans ("[im]migrants") are descendants of Armenians from various parts of the Ottoman Empire who moved to Jerusalem following the 1915 genocide. Church leaders and residents have blamed Israel's far-right government for a culture thatrarely prosecutesthe culprits. The now-defrockedpriest has sinceleft for the US state of California. [20] However, the first written records are from the 5th century. Istanbul Armenian Patriarch Sahak II Arrives in Jerusalem What has emerged is that some 25% of the Armenian Quarter has been sold on a 99-year lease to a mysterious Jewish Australian businessman for a luxury development. Krikorian had stated that his book was the summary and English translation of "History of Jerusalem," a two-volume, 1385-page book by Dikran Sayalanians, published by the Armenian Patriarchate . The Armenian patriarch, Nourhan . The Greek Orthodox Church lost a two-decade-long battle to cancel the deal in the Israeli courts and last year settlers moved into part of one of the hotels. On Friday, Manougian led the vehicular procession from the Armenian Patriarchate in the Old City of Jerusalem to the Mar Elias Monastery in the south of the city, followed by some 450 pilgrims . It's all going in a certain direction.". But it is unclear whether this could prove essential to cancel the deal. On June 4, 2013, he was officially enthroned. Because of the rights of the Armenian Church on the Golgotha Chapel, in the afternoon processions in the Holy Sepulcher, the Armenian Church has liturgy there. Aram I also rejected the United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel. The Armenian community has had a presence in Jerusalem for centuries, A large car park - prime real estate - is expected to be built on, Armenian Patriarch Nourhan Manougian now lives cloistered in the convent, Dimitri Diliani says the sale "undermines any future political solution to Jerusalem", A group of international lawyers say they will make recommendations on what could be done about the case, Armageddon: The 3,000-year-old city behind the biblical story. Jews (127) made up 33.2%, other Christians (94) 24.6% and Muslims (40) 10.5%. Armenian museum reopens in Jerusalem's Old City - Yahoo News Washington D.C., Jul 5, 2023 / 15:10 pm. [24] The latter was last expanded in the mid-12th century. ", Israel at 75: A nation more disunited than ever before, Palestinians in Jerusalem neighborhood fear for their future, Israeli settlers attack West Bank town after shooting, Ukraine updates: Zelenskyy visits Snake Island in Black Sea, Biden defends US plan to send cluster bombs to Ukraine, Ukraine: The deadly legacy of cluster bombs, Military analyst: Cluster munitions could be 'very useful' in Ukraine. [51], Yasser Arafat rejected the US proposal at the 2000 Camp David Summit for the Old City's division and stated: "The Armenian quarter belongs to us. "When I say the last battle, it means we need to protect what we have.". 301 on Instagram: "UPDATE from the Jerusalemite Armenian Community An Armenian patriarchate was established in Jerusalem in 638, and since that time, despite all the wars and massacres that have taken place over the centuries, there has been an uninterrupted. The deal reflects the political sensitivity of the situation in Jerusalem, and one of the core issues of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. "[55], The Armenian Patriarchate has voiced concerns about the Israeli police not treating spitting by Haredi Jews on Armenian clergy, students and teachers as hate crime. Highlighting the significance of the Armenian Church's actions, both the Palestinian President and Jordan's King Abdullah II - custodian of Jerusalem's Christian holy sites - have suspended their recognition of the patriarch. Armenian churches were constructed during that period, including the St. James Monastery. In 1979, Manougian served the Armenian Community in Almelo, the Netherlands. [22], Philip Marsden wrote that the survival of Armenians in Jerusalem"most intense of all cities"proves their extraordinary resilience. The Armenian Patriarch and the Brotherhood of St. James, together with the Greek and Roman Catholic patriarchs, are the sole guardians of the Dominical Sites, the holiest shrines of Christendom. The rest of the quarter. The Patriarchate is one of the three major guardians of the Christian Holy Places in the Holy Land, the other two are the Orthodox and Latin Patriarchates.. History "[113][114] Pope Benedict XVI, during his 2009 visit to St. James Cathedral, stated:[115][116], .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}314630N 351346E / 31.775N 35.2294444E / 31.775; 35.2294444, The order of our master Sultan Jaqmaq [has been issued] which stipulates that the taxes levied [ahdaiha] recently by the town governor (?)

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