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*P<0.05 using Independent sample t-test. Rev. Frio-Herrera, Y., Daz-Garcia, A., Ruiz-Fuentes, J., Rodrguez-Snchez, H. & Sforcin, J. M. Mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effect of propolis on human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma cells. Sawaya, A. C. H. F. Composition and antioxidant activity of propolis from three species of Scaptotrigona stingless bees. Tumor-suppressing potential of stingless bee propolis in (A) Representative stomach tissues of 60-week old C57BL/6J and A4gnt KO mice reflecting the gross mucosal elevation of the pyloric antrum following oral administration of respective treatments for 30 consecutive days. Invest. 1B, EEP-treated AGS cells were significantly arrested at the G0/G1 phase showing a prominently sharpened peak, which accounts for around 66% of total cells counted as compared to only about 55% documented in the corresponding untreated cells. Int. Desamero, M. J. M. et al. Asian Pac. Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan, Mark Joseph Desamero,Shigeru Kakuta,Yulan Tang&Shigeru Kyuwa, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baos, Laguna, 4031, Philippines, Mark Joseph Desamero&Maria Amelita Estacio, UPLB Bee Program, University of the Philippines Los Baos, Laguna, 4031, Philippines, Mark Joseph Desamero,Maria Amelita Estacio&Cleofas Cervancia, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baos, Laguna, 4031, Philippines, Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan, James Kenn Chambers,Kazuyuki Uchida&Hiroyuki Nakayama, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan, Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 3908621, Japan, You can also search for this author in In the case of MKN-74 cells, the resulting gene transcription findings firmly asserted the lack of positive response to EEP treatment (Fig. Similarly, loss of GlcNAc in humans has been convincingly demonstrated in differentiated-type gastric cancer showing strong correlation with depth of invasion, venous invasion and staging29. Google Scholar. Therefore, on the basis of all these findings, it can be deduced that EEP may exert promising in vivo anti-tumor efficacy against differentiated-type gastric adenocarcinoma. (F) Comparison of the number of CD3-positive T-lymphocytes among the different treatment groups expressed as mean count per 100m area taken from at least three different points with the highest cell density. Benefits, Uses, and What You Should Know It is a bit of a trend among health-conscious consumers but should you really eat honeycomb? To address this gap, multimodal approaches and targeted therapies have previously emerged, thus providing considerable support to surgery alone6,8,9,10. Pereira-Filho, R. N. et al. Xuan, H. et al. As illustrated in Fig. Preparation and organization of tables and figures. & Allum, W. Does surgery have a role in managing incurable gastric cancer? The effect of EEP exposure on cancer cell proliferation was first screened using four in vitro cell lines of human GC namely, AGS, NUGC-4, MKN-45, and MKN-74. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (2022). 32, 20852091, https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1363749 (2018). 27, 9199 (2013). As shown in Fig. Parul Dube February 25, 2022 Getty Image/ Shutterstock Propolis is a waxy or resinous mixture made by honeybees. Control of gut differentiation and intestinal-type gastric carcinogenesis. 1, 3742, https://doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.4.01.2.03 (2009). However, according to the latest GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates, it continues to be a major disease burden affecting approximately 783,000 individuals whose gravity has been widely observed in East Asian countries like Japan, Mongolia, and Korea1. On the other hand, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, and pterostilbene were some of the identified phenolic acids. First Online: 25 September 2021 540 Accesses Part of the Food Bioactive Ingredients book series (FBC) Abstract Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is the vital natural phenolic chemical composite present in a variety of plants which is also abundantly present in the honeybee hives as propolis. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Biodivers. To reinforce our data, a unique differentiated-type gastric cancer model, A4gnt KO mice, together with age-matched 60 week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups receiving distilled water or EEP for 30 consecutive days. Bee Healthy: How Propolis Can Help Savannah Bee Company 28, 11501156, https://doi.org/10.1097/CAD.0000000000000565 (2017). Cells in 200l culture medium were seeded into a 96-well plate at an appropriate density and incubated with varying concentrations of EEP (blank, 0, 1, 10, 100, 250, 500, 1000g/ml) at three different time points as follows: 24, 48, and 72hours. In the present study, 60 week-old A4gnt KO mice exhibiting full-blown gastric adenocarcinoma, and matched wildtype C57BL/6J animals were intragastrically administered with distilled water or EEP for a treatment duration of 30 days. They are greatly valued as an effective pollinator and are mostly preferred for propolis production due to higher cost efficiency and increased resistance to parasitic infestation39. 28, 19281933 (2005). Sanches, M. A., Pereira, A. M. S. & Serro, J. E. Pharmacological actions of extracts of propolis of stingless bees (meliponini). Food Chem. Any perturbations involving its regulation have afforded cancers with unconstrained development53,54. As verified through TUNEL assay, the disparate degrees of DNA fragmentation occurring in these cell lines may potentially explain this apparent disaccord in gene expression. Meanwhile, as depicted in Fig. A4gnt KO mice deficient in the gene encoding for 1, 4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase notably develop gastric cancer in a spontaneous manner of hyperplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence28. 76, 7478, https://doi.org/10.5152/EurJBiol.2017.1713 (2017). Scientific Reports (Sci Rep) 2D). 1. Half minimal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was derived by graphically plotting the calculated % viable cells against its corresponding EEP concentrations and the one that generated the best fit was adopted. Synthesis of the first stand cDNA, on the other hand, was carried out using PrimeScript RT reagent kit (Perfect Real Time) (Takara Bio, Shiga, Japan). and M.A.E. 105, 126133, https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.12305 (2014). 1C,D, DNA fragmentation was only modestly promoted in AGS and NUGC-4 cells after EEP treatment but dramatically enhanced in MKN-45 cells wherein more than 35% of cancer cells were accounted to have undergone apoptosis. Propolisa substance bees manufacture from tree sap and buds, and other plant sourcesis very rich in the antioxidants that can help prevent cancer. Upon gene expression analysis however, no overt changes were determined between the mRNA expression profiles of these genes in both A4gnt KO treatment groups except for a tendency for higher Il10 transcription (Supplementary Fig. It is furthermore combined with the bees secretions. Acta. Oroli, N., Terzi, S., Mihaljevi, ., ver, L. & Bai, I. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55465-4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55465-4. Bonvehi, J. S. & Coll, F. V. Phenolic composition of propolis from China and from South America. In recent years, renewed interests in natural products have taken the spotlight of drug discovery and cancer research11,12. Rev. 56, 50-57, 10.108/00218839.2016.1260856 (2017). M.J.D., J.K.C., S.K. The resulting mRNA expression was normalized to the expression of the internal control gene, Actb and the comparative CT value was determined by setting the average mRNA expression level of wildtype control C57BL/6J mice given distilled water or untreated human cancer cell lines as 1.0. Propolis in dentistry and oral cancer management. Anticancer Activity in Honeybee Propolis: Functional Insights to Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. *P<0.05 using Independent sample t-test. Cancer. Scale bar: 100m (C) Comparison of the number of p21-positive cells between untreated and EEP-treated A4gnt KO animals expressed as mean counts per 100m taken from at least three different areas with the highest cell density. Pharm. Food Chem. J. I tested positive for COVID 3 weeks ago and have had a lingering sore throat and cough that would not go away. Assessing the anti-tumour properties of Iraqi propolis in vitro and in vivo. Dev. In particular reference to its anti-cancer property, propolis samples from Brazil, Netherlands, Portugal, New Zealand, Korea, Taiwan, China, and Algeria have been shown to inhibit a wide spectrum of in vitro human cancer cell lines of lung, stomach, cervical, esophageal, brain, laryngeal, skin, and breast carcinoma16,17,18,19,20,21. Franklin, D. S. et al. Noureddine, H. et al. Another thing worth mentioning also was the observation that no glaring difference could be deciphered between the distilled water and EEP-treated wildtype C57BL/6J animals with respect to their gross morphology (Fig. Four human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, MKN-45, NUGC-4, MKN-74) were utilized in this study. Tan, I. WebReviewed by Poonam Sachdev on November 23, 2022 In this Article Health Benefits Amounts and Dosage Propolis, sometimes called bee glue, is an important material for By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. J. Evid. Silva-Carvalho, R., Baltazar, F. & Almeida-Aguiar, C. Propolis: A complex natural product with plethora of biological activities that can be explored for drug development. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Bee Propolis Means with different letter are significant at P<0.05 using ANOVA with Tukey-HSD posttest. Viability of each gastric cancer cell lines upon EEP treatment was ascertained by the MTT assay (Nacalai Tesque Inc., Kyoto, Japan) following the manufacturers instructions. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Toxicol. Interestingly, EEP supplementation in A4gnt KO mice elicited a remarkable diminution in the number of actively dividing BrdU-positive S-phase cells approximating only ~65% of the mean cell count registered in those of the corresponding KO control animals (220.4526.87 vs. 334.5759.08) (Fig. Scale bar: 100m (G) Comparison of the number of FITC-dUTP-positive cells expressed as mean counts per 100m area taken from at least three different points with the highest cell density. Propolis and cancer Fitoterapia 106, 167-174, 10/1016/j.fitote.2015.09.004 (2015). Those resins have Google Scholar. Farmacogn. Following 24-hour incubation, cells were allowed to synchronize at G0 phase by serum deprivation for 24hours and then treated with complete culture medium alone or EEP (IC50 at 48h) for another 48hours. Propolis Bee Propolis Toxicol. S.K. With the improvement of research 103, 375380, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.033 (2006). Thank you for visiting nature.com. The stomach tissues together with a small portion of the duodenum were harvested and divided into two for subsequent immunohistochemical and gene expression analyses. WebAny thoughts? | January 11, 2008 1 min Bees make propolis, which they use to glue the materials of their hives together, by mixing beeswax and other secretions with resins from the buds of conifer and poplar trees. Med. CAS Volume 131, November 2020, 110622 Review Propolis and its potential against SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms and COVID-19 disease: Running title: Propolis against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 Andresa Aparecida Berretta a , Marcelo Augusto Duarte Silveira b , Jos Manuel Cndor Capcha c , David De Jong Add to Mendeley Dual effect of Algerian propolis on lung cancer: Anti-tumor and chemoproventive effects involving antioxidant activity. Akama, Y. et al. Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal cancer. The pressure, total flow, and injection temperature were preferentially set at 83.7 kPa, 17.1ml/min, and 280C, respectively. On the other hand, no clear-cut pattern seemed discernible concerning the expression profile of several apoptosis-associated genes. Constituents of propolis: Chrysin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid induce PRODH/POX-dependent apoptosis in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell (CAL-27). 55, 77777785 (2007). Cervancia, C. R., de Guzman, L. I., Polintan, E. A., Dupo, A. L. B. Biomed Res. This was performed in three independent experiments. BMC Complem. Chem. 2B), and T-lymphocyte sequestration (Fig. Desamero, M. J. M. et al. Google Scholar. As seen in Table1, differentiated-type GC cell lines were more sensitized to the action of EEP showing a commensurate reduction in cancer cell proliferation as a function of higher concentration and longer incubation times. In the present paper, we further extended this growing list of tested GC cell lines by including MKN-45 and MKN-74 in addition to AGS and NUGC-4. Int. It contains a broad diversity of chemical composition that is not only remarkably influenced by season, geographical location, bee species, extraction method, and existing vegetation but also is attributable to its putative bioactivities14,15. The aim of this study was to investigate possible vasomodulatory effects of propolis in KCl-precontracted porcine coronary (2015) investigated the biological activity of propolis extract from three Thai stingless bee species in a mangosteen orchard, namely L. Functional collaboration between different cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors suppresses tumor growth with distinct tissue specificity. MKN-45 and NUGC-4 cell lines were sourced from Riken Bioresource Center Cell Bank, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan whereas MKN-74 cell line was procured from JRCB Cell Bank, Osaka, Japan. and S.K. Jerkovic, I., Marijanovic, Z., Kus, P. M. & Tuberoso, C. I. G. Comprehensive study of Mediterranean (Crotian) propolis peculiarity: Headspace volatiles, anti-Varroa-treatment residue, phenolics and antioxidant properties. Stingless Bee Propolis: New Insights for Anticancer Drugs The authors declare no competing interests. and C.C. Two independent experiments with each experiment run in duplicates were undertaken. Here, we described that the EEP-induced reduction in gastric cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth regression in vivo were intimately associated with the specific and profound modulation of the components of the cell cycle machinery and in part, the apoptotic process. Current status of small hive beetle infestation in the Philippines. Also, the considerable p21 protein expression coupled with a marked reduction in rapidly dividing BrdU-labeled S-phase cells unequivocally supported our observation. Alvarez, P. L. et al. WebWe have earlier investigated the molecular mechanism of anticancer activity in CAPE and reported that it activates DNA damage signaling in cancer cells. Felt sick (shoulder pain, tightness breast, needed deep breath often) when finished almost 3 bottles Brazilian bee propolis in Apr,18. Indeed, several chemical compounds found in bee products have been demonstrated to display anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties. As demonstrated in this report, all the studied GC cell lines, except MKN-74, disclosed a concentration- and time course-dependent sensitivity to EEP exposure, although the generated IC50 value at 72hours was relatively higher than those of earlier reported studies46,48. Scandinav. N. Engl. Article ID 897361, 7 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/897361 (2014). Research suggests it may help fight infections, boost the immune system, and improve type 2 diabetes. J. Based Complementary Altern. Yuasa, Y. Oncol. Cell 14, 159169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2008.01.013 (2008). Propolis is a sticky substance gathered by the bees from the leaf buds and bark of trees. Upon sacrifice, careful scrutiny of the harvested mouse stomach tissues revealed a significant regression of the gross mucosal elevation in the A4gnt KO+EEP treatment group in comparison to the untreated control group (Fig. Cunningham, D. et al. However, propolis treatment in all these above-mentioned studies, in converse to our study, has been carried out either prophylactically or concurrently with tumor induction. TP53, CTNNB1, RUNX3, CDX2, CDKN2A, ERBB2, IL10, TNFA, IL1B, and RHOA2,3. ), Kobayashi Foundation (S.K. 3A, Supplementary Table4), possibly insinuating the trivial relevance of this process in the perceived in vivo response. Article Previously, our group was the first to describe that crude EEP from this indigenous bee species could exert potent neuroprotective activity through abrogation of the neurologic deficit and neuronal damage in a rat model of ischemic stroke27. Celiska-Janowicz, K. et al. Contrarily, MKN-74 cells appeared to be somewhat resistant as reflected by the absence of any visible decrement in the percentage of viable cells at concentrations<500g/ml even after 48hours of incubation, therefore, manifesting a greater IC50 value (>900g/ml) (Table1). Resistance against cancer growth and proliferation does no longer represent an unprecedented role for honeybee- and stingless bee-derived propolis. 44, 93299, https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.20148 (2014). Chemical characterization and cytotoxic activity evaluation of Lebanese propolis. Altern. GC is a highly complicated disease as evidenced by its broadly distinct morphological and biological features not to mention the multitude of genetic and epigenetic perturbations reported in several genes i.e. This literature review of preclinical trials, involving biological assays of antitumor activity and identification of the chemical composition of propolis and J. Chem. Sci. 19, 706714, https://doi.org/10.1080/15384047.2018.1451277 (2018). In addition, subsequent examination of the CD3-positive T-lymphocytic cell infiltration in the A4gnt KO+EEP treatment group likewise depicted a marked decline in the mean cell count tallying only 20.594.08 cells as compared to around 40.6812.94 cells obtained in the untreated control counterpart (Fig. Int. Med. P17005H03). A. et al. Article ID459846, 5 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/459846 (2015). J. Apic. Google Scholar. 49c, 712718 (1994). Acta. Bang, Y.-J. 279, 60176026, https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M306040200 (2004). Honey Bee's Propolis a natural cure for cancer cells and viruses BMC Complem. Means with different letter are significant at P<0.05 using ANOVA with Tukey-HSD posttest. Propolis, a resinous substance produced by honeybees from various plant sources, has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine for several purposes all over the world. Cell viability (%) as a function of that of the control was computed as follows: [(A570 Treated cells-A570 Blank)/(A570 Control cells-A570 Blank)*100]. We next endeavored to search for specific mechanisms to which we could ascribe the pronounced in vivo anti-tumor action of our present EEP sample. Means with different letter are significant at P<0.05 using ANOVA with Tukey-HSD posttest. Intrinsic subtypes of gastric cancer, based on gene expression pattern, predict survival and respond differently to chemotherapy. All authors equally contributed in the critical review and correction of the manuscript. Expectedly, this has raised consciousness to strengthen studies on the multifaceted aspects of this bee propolis27,40,41,42, albeit, scientific inquiries relating to their biofunctional properties especially anti-tumor efficacy are lagging behind and remain nearly unstudied. PROPOLIS Reviews and User Ratings: Effectiveness, Ease of Use, Based Complementary Altern. 7 Health Benefits of Bee Propolis. Propolis 3A and Supplementary Table4, a specific and profound modulation was visibly observed in a number of cell cycle protein-encoding genes following EEP administration. Eur. Research has shown that due to the antimicrobial properties of bee propolis, it may be useful in relieving symptoms and shortening the duration of the common cold. Mol. Biological activity of bee propolis in health and disease. Res. In vitro antiproliferative/cytotoxic activity on cancer cell lines of a cardanol and a cardol enriched from Thai Apis mellifera propolis. p21, also known as p21WAF1, CIP1, SDI1, CAP20, MDA6, belongs to the Cip/Kip family of cyclin-CDK complex inhibitors that play diverse roles including cell cycle control, transcriptional regulation, senescence, cell differentiation, cytoskeletal dynamics, and apoptosis55. Emerging Adjuvant Therapy for Cancer: Propolis and its Sci Rep 9, 19635 (2019). Study conception and design. One of my favorite bee propolis benefits is that it appears to possess anti-tumoral and anticancer properties. Tumor-suppressing potential of stingless bee propolis in in vitro and in vivo models of differentiated-type gastric adenocarcinoma. Animals were housed in standard polycarbonate cages and maintained under specific pathogen-free condition with 12h light: 12h dark cycle. To provide a proof of concept that such in vitro response could be replicated in the context of a more complicated system, we considered utilizing a unique animal model that can aptly recapitulate the intricacies of differentiated-type GC. Kalogeropoulos, N., Konteles, S.J., Troullidou, E., Mourtzinos, I. Kotawong, K., Chaijaroenkul, W., Muhamad, P. & Na-Bangchang K. Cytotoxic activities and effects of atractylodin and -eudesmol on the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on cholangiocarcinoma cell line. He, G. et al. 113, 158164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2014.12.006 (2014). 55, 52895298, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf070201n (2007). In this connection, real time PCR technique was initially employed to inspect several inflammation-associated genes that are deemed crucial in A4gnt KO-induced carcinogenesis28. However, one caveat of this finding was that the enhanced anti-proliferative activity might be due to cell line growth capacity17. Tan, P. & Yeoh, K.-G. Genetics and molecular pathogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma. What Are The Benefits Of Bee Propolis Therefore, the present paper was designed to cater the apparent paucity of knowledge on the tumor-suppressing potential of Philippine stingless bee propolis. Multiple comparisons were performed using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Tukey-HSD posttest or the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test whereas Independent-Sample T-test or Mann-Whitney U Test was used in the case of only two treatment groups. Kustiawan, P. M. et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer with S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine. 100, 114117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.004 (2005). Scale bar: 100m (E) Comparison of the number of BrdU-positive cells among the different treatment groups expressed as mean counts per 100m area taken from at least three different points with the highest cell density. We cannot also exclude the probability of the apoptotic machinery assisting synergistically in the anti-tumor efficacy of our EEP sample. In addition, A4gnt KO mice treated with EEP also exemplified a substantial increase in Cdkn1b (p<0.008) and a decrease in Cdk1 (p<0.045) expressions in converse with the A4gnt KO+dH2O group. Triplicates of two independent experiments were performed. Dose- and time-dependent response to EEP treatment was then evaluated by incubating cells into increasing range of EEP concentration (11000g/ml) over time schedules of 24, 48, and 72hours. Naturwissenschaften 98, 329337, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-011-0770-7 (2011). Toxicol. Since few chemical-profiling studies by LC-MS analysis have already been conducted on samples of Philippine stingless bee propolis including those obtained from the same colonies as in the present work41,42, we decided to utilize a different analytical platform, hence employing GC-MS/MS analysis. To obtain Propolis has a variety of colours like white, red, brown and black. Jpn. Generation and preparation of study animals. 116, 452461, 10.1016./j.foodchem.2009.02.060 (2009). ISSN 2045-2322 (online). M.A.E. Andrew Weil, M.D. Data are shown as an average of two independent experiments with each analysis run in duplicates. Effects of local administration of propolis and its polyphenolic compounds on tumor formation and growth. (A) Real time PCR profile of selected genes associated in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis in four human GC cell lines following 48 hour-incubation with either culture medium alone or EEP whose concentration approximated the determined IC50 value (@ 48h) for each respective cell lines. Propolis Means with different letter are significant at P<0.05 using ANOVA with Tukey-HSD posttest. (A) mRNA expression levels of several genes related to cell cycle regulation and apoptosis among the different treatment groups using real time PCR. 0 - none/healthy mucosa, 1 - mildly, 2 moderately, 3 - markedly. Semi-quantitative assessment of the influence of the respective treatments on gross gastric mucosal elevation was performed as defined by the following parameters: 0- healthy mucosa/none, 1- mildly, 2- moderately, and 3- markedly. Mucosal thickness of the pyloric mucosa, meanwhile, was determined using the prepared H&E sections by measuring from the base up to the highest point of a properly oriented gastric epithelium and the average measurement from at least three different areas was obtained30. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Altogether, these findings support the role of Philippine stingless bee propolis as a promising adjunct treatment option in differentiated-type gastric cancer. Pharmacother. Bankova, V. Chemical diversity of propolis and the problem of stardardization. These cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, 1% Penicillin and Streptomycin and incubated at 37C in a humidified chamber with 5% CO2. Bio 30 Bee Propolis for Tumor Reduction and Cancer bee propolis for preventing and healing non-communicable diseases Accumulating lines of compelling evidence in literature have explicitly illuminated the causal relationship between propolis exposure and proliferative restriction in a broad range of human and murine in vitro cancer cell lines. Data analysis and interpretation. To provide a more meaningful assertion that EEP treatment could foster an increased differentiated GC subtype susceptibility, we utilized a spontaneous disease animal model of GC (A4gnt KO mice) that uniquely recapitulates a well-developed differentiated-type gastric adenocarcinoma at around 60-weeks of age.

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